Факультет бізнесу та права
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Item type:Наукова стаття, Prerequisites for the application of monetary policy tools of the "new reality" in the conditions of the geopolitical impact of military aggression in Ukraine(Чайки : ФІНТЕХАЛЬЯНС, 2024-10-31) Polishchuk, Vadym; Dorosh, Viktoriia; Ishchuk, Lesia; Nikolaeva, AnzhelaThe prospects of using a new type of monetary policy instruments, which determine modern significant changes in the development of global financial, economic and social relations, caused by the geopolitical influence of military aggression in Ukraine, are studied. Not only the negative financial and economic impact on the country victim of hostilities, i.e., Ukraine, was established. Problems with inflation and debt were also identified in the G7 countries, as well as in China due to the consequences of the war in Ukraine. It was determined that the financial system of countries that have close trade and monetary transactions with developed market countries will also have a significant impact of the global crisis. The financial and economic indicators of Ukraine, the G7 countries and China for the medium term are predicted. The influence of the main financial threats on the macroeconomic stability of the country's economy in the conditions of military aggression is determined, and the main instruments of monetary policy that would allow maintaining such stability are indicated. It is noted that the use of a new type of monetary policy in modern realities, based on non-traditional instruments, will contribute to overcoming the negative impact of military aggression in all countries that experience it.Item type:Наукова стаття, Правові вимоги та практичні аспекти бухгалтерського обліку у фізичних осіб-підприємців: досвід України й країн ЄС(Київ, 2025) Жураковська, Ірина Володимирівна; Сидоренко, Роман ВікторовичФізичні особи-підприємці займають провідне місце в економічному середовищі й України, і країн Європейського Союзу. Вони забезпечують значну частку зайнятості та надходжень до бюджету. Законодавчі норми, які регулюють облік їхньої діяльності, мають свої відмінності порівняно з компаніями, що створює специфічні виклики для підприємців. Об’єктом дослідження є система правового регулювання та практика ведення бухгалтерського обліку у фізичних осіб-підприємців в Україні та країнах Європейського Союзу. Предметом дослідження є правові вимоги, методи, механізми та практичні інструменти ведення бухгалтерського обліку фізичними особами-підприємцями, а також проблеми та перспективи їх удосконалення з урахуванням європейського досвіду. Метою роботи є розробка моделі бухгалтерського обліку для підприємців в Україні відповідно до інформаційних запитів малого бізнесу та органів контролю. Порівняльний аналіз щодо практики країн ЄС дає можливість виділити ключові напрями вдосконалення українського законодавства. Зокрема щодо стандартизації фінансової звітності, цифровізації облікових процесів і запровадження європейських підходів до аудиту та контролю за діяльністю підприємців. У ЄС практика ведення бухгалтерського обліку фізичних осіб-підприємців тісно пов’язана з вимогами простоти, податкової прозорості, захисту прав споживачів і забезпечення рівних конкурентних умов на ринку. Результати дослідження показали, що доцільно оновити спрощений облік для підприємців в Україні шляхом розробки єдиних форм книг для всіх підприємців, тільки змінювати обов’язковість ведення окремих книг (наприклад, на спрощеній системі недоцільно вести книгу амортизації основних засобів) і затвердити вичерпний перелік документів, які підтверджують записи в книгах і які повинен мати підприємець. Практичне значення статті полягає в тому, що запропоновані підходи до вдосконалення обліку можуть бути використані й підприємцями, й органами державної влади при розробці нормативно-правових актів. Дослідження підкреслює необхідність забезпечення балансу між державним контролем і свободою підприємницької діяльності, що є ключовим чинником сталого розвитку малого бізнесу.Item type:Наукова стаття, Moral Principles in Finance: Challenges and Risks in the Context of Contemporary Commerce(Uruguay, 2025-08-10) Nuzhna, OksanaIntroduction: The study is based on an empirical study of the importance of ethics in accounting as an important element of ensuring the transparency of financial reporting and trust in economic systems. In the modern business environment, accounting professionals face a number of challenges and threats, including: conflict of interest, managerial pressure, the use of aggressive tax schemes, distortion of financial reporting, manipulation of financial data, challenges of digital transformation. Methods: This empirically based study summarizes scientific, theoretical, and practical approaches to defining the role of accounting ethics in the business environment. Results: The main standards of ethical responsibility according to the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA) and the key factors of ethical violations that cause global financial scandals are identified. The ethical principles of global accounting practice and the features of the application of international standards in the USA, Germany, Australia, Canada and Japan are considered. A comparative analysis of tax evasion in 2024 showed that economically developed regions have higher rates than underdeveloped ones. The importance of corporate culture and the transfer of innovations in the formation of accounting ethics is emphasized. Unethical practices undermine the image of companies and deter investment. Conclusions: Key areas for developing universal ethical standards for accountants in a global context have been identified. Adherence to ethics, use of control, audit, and innovation in a competitive environment are factors of successful business, strengthening trust, transparency, and integrity of financial information.Item type:Наукова стаття, Economic Benefits of Green Technologies: Ukrainian Experience(Mersin, 2024-12-06) Yarova, Nina; Lipych, Liubov; Gutsul, Tetiana; Oleksandr, Zhurba; Vladyslav, NovytskyiThis study evaluates the economic benefits of implementing green technologies in Ukraine, focusing on their contribution to sustainable development, energy efficiency, and economic growth. The research aims to identify how renewable energy projects and energy-efficient technologies can enhance Ukraine’s energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and foster innovation-driven economic modernization. A multi-method approach was employed, combining a systematic literature review, statistical data analysis, and a comparative evaluation of solar and wind energy projects. The study draws on secondary data from governmental and international agencies, spanning the period 2014-2023, and utilizes descriptive statistics to assess trends in job creation, investment, and reductions in natural gas imports. The results indicate significant progress in solar and wind energy development, with total installed capacities reaching 7.6 GW and 2.4 GW respectively by 2023. Employment in green sectors exceeded 50.000 jobs, with solar energy accounting for 40% of this workforce. Investments in green technologies totaled approximately €12 billion between 2014 and 2022, stimulating economic growth and reducing Ukraine’s natural gas imports by 15%. Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including financial barriers, regulatory instability, and outdated infrastructure. However, the study highlights opportunities for further progress through policy reforms, infrastructure modernization, and international cooperation. The research concludes that green technologies are essential for Ukraine’s transition to a sustainable economy, offering both environmental preservation and economic growth potential. These findings underscore the need for policy consistency, expanded financing options, and increased public awareness to maximize the economic benefits of green technologies in Ukraine. By leveraging these innovations, Ukraine can enhance its energy independence, competitiveness, and resilience in the global marketItem type:Наукова стаття, ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ON EQUITY AND CASH FLOWS AS THE BASIS FOR DECISION-MAKING TO INCREASE ENTERPRISE MARKET CAPITALIZATION(FTA, FINTECHALLIANCE, 2024-08-31) Vakhovych, Iryna; Kryvovyazyuk, Igor; Kovalchuk, Nadiia; Kovalska, Liubov; Dorosh, Viktoriia; Burban, OleksandrThe market capitalization of an enterprise is one of the key indicators that characterize the degree of influence of financial and non-financial instruments on its volumes and dynamics. Establishing the relationship between such instruments and metrics of equity and cash flows best outlines the plane of their direct impact on stimulating market cap-italization and implementing effective management measures in the context of optimiz-ing the use of equity and cash flows. The purpose of the study is to establish how the impact of indicators of financial and non-financial instruments on equity and cash flows forms an appropriate basis for making managerial decisions to increase the market cap-italization of enterprises. As a result of the study, the toolkit for increasing the market capitalization of the enterprise from the standpoint of its grouping in terms of financial and non-financial plane was clarified. It was found that among the 36 analyzed indica-tors of the impact on equity and cash flows of the studied machine-building enterprises in Ukraine during the period 2010-2021, the most significant are bank lending, invest-ment and technical metals, research and development costs, foreign scientific and tech-nical services received, production investments, work-in-progress, and accounts paya-ble for products, goods, and services. The results were transformed into a model of ranked instruments for stimulating the market capitalization of machine-building enter-prises, which demonstrates the degree and directions of the influence of indicators of financial and non-financial instruments on the dynamics of equity and cash flows, which ensures the formation of an information database for making decisions on the further use of such instruments. The structuring of the toolkit serves as the basis for forming a system of management decisions containing practical recommendations within each group of instruments aimed at optimizing market capitalization through increased equity and cash flows of the enterprise. The obtained results will be beneficial to financial analysts of enterprises in preparing databases for making financial and non-financial decisions.Item type:Наукова стаття, Development of a smart personnel security system using machine learning(CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2025-09-25) Kryvovyazyuk, Igor; Bilychenko, Maksym; Kasianova, Nataliia; Smerichevskyi, Serhii; Lavrynenko, OleksandrInsider threats remain one of the most challenging aspects of organizational security, particularly in the era of digital transformation and widespread remote access to sensitive data. This study proposes a machine learning–based approach to personnel security that combines Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor algorithms with behavioral features enhanced through the use of large language models (LLMs). To improve detection accuracy, user web activity was classified using LLM-generated labels derived from website content analysis. Experimental results demonstrate strong model performance in identifying insider activity at the user level, with high detection accuracy and minimal false classifications. In addition, time-to-detection analysis revealed that most insider threats were identified before or shortly after the onset of malicious behavior. The findings suggest that the proposed system is not only effective in capturing behavioral anomalies but also feasible for real-time deployment in enterprise environments.Item type:Наукова стаття, Impact of Global Risks on Economic Downturn in Countries Worldwide: Analysis of the Causes of the Situation and Opportunities for Growth Recovery(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025) Кривов’язюк, Ігор Володимирович; Britchenko, Igor; Ліпич, Любов Григорівна; Кравчук, Павло Ярославович; Галазюк, Наталія Миколаївна; Бурбан, Олександр ВікторовичThe purpose of the article is to study the opportunities for resuming the economic growth of economies, considering the impact of global risks on its dynamics. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic growth dynamics of over 200 countries from 1961 to 2023, revealing a general trend of declining growth rates, which is confirmed by the data of observations of GDP dynamics in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Albania, Ukraine, Mongolia, China, Paraguay, Indonesia, and Sudan. It is defined that these trends are caused by the negative impact of global risks on the dynamics of economic growth of world countries. A contemporary map of the interconnections of categories and types of global risks is presented, illustrating the intertwining of geopolitical, economic, social, environmental, and technological risks. A selection of the five most influential global risks that affected the economic downturn of the world economy from 2006 to 2023 has been formed through logical-structural analysis and generalization method, demonstrating the predominant influence of economic and environmental factors. The analysis of the unique causes of economic downturn under the influence of global risks, conducted using the Ishikawa diagram, allowed to include a set of economic, environmental, social, geopolitical, technological, and other causes. The proposed political-legal, market, organizational-economic, and financial-investment mechanisms for accelerating economic recovery define the priority directions for restoring economic growth, considering the impact of global risks. The provided suggestions have practical significance for the elaboration of economic development strategies for countries to restore economic growth.Item type:Наукова стаття, Simulation of the influence of investment and innovation activities on ensuring the international competitiveness of countries(Politechnika Lubelska, 2023-06-30) Лютак, Олена Миколаївна; Баула, Олена Вікторівна; Ткачук, Анатолій АнатолійовичAbstract. The purpose of this work is to study the quality of the innovation-investment component of the international competitiveness of EU countriesand Ukraine, to reveal the potential of innovation-investment activity in ensuring the effectiveness of the national economy, as well as to substantiatethe priority vectors of leveling external shocks and promoting economic growth in Ukraine. The work evaluates the quality of theinnovation and investment component of the international competitiveness of Ukraine and its close neighbors –the countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia) using econometric analysis; a multifactor economic-mathematical model was built, which determines the strength of the connection between indicators of innovation and investment activity in Ukraine and the main macroeconomic indicator –GDP; the European practiceof developing strategic programs to increase the competitiveness of the country's economy was studied; strategic innovation and investment initiativesof Ukraine are substantiated. In addition, the article made a significant theoretical and practical contribution to solving the outlined problems. The results of the study revealed the main problems of the innovation-investment component of Ukraine's international competitiveness, as well as highlightedthe potential prospects for its improvement, taking into account advanced European practices