Наукові статті

Постійне посилання зібранняhttps://repository.lntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/249

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2021 - 20265

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Автор: search.filters.author.Visyn, ValentynКвартиль та наукометрична база: search.filters.custom_quartile.Вітчизняні фахові наукові видання

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  • Ескіз
    Item type:Наукова стаття,
    Constitutional and legal mechanisms of regulation of economic social relations in the Second Polish Republic
    (Ужгород, 2024) Visyn, Valentyn; Lenher, Yana
    The constitutional and legal mechanisms of regulation of economic social relations in the Polish state in the 20-30s of the twentieth century are investigated. It is determined that the fundamental constitutional and legal institutions of the economic system are property, labor, and the financial system. Constitutional regulation of the sphere of economic organization of social life of different states is not the same in form and volume. Based on the analyzed broad legislative framework, it is stated that in the first half of the 20s of the twentieth century. political, economic and legislative formation of the Polish state took place. Reforming the financial system, agriculture, trade contributed to the formation of the Polish economic system. It is noted that the intervention of state bodies in economic affairs was minimal, which contributed to the development of various industries of the country and the economy as a whole. In the period from the May 1926 coup to the beginning of the world economic crisis, Polish legislation began to change from free democratic to authoritarian. The situation was characterized by contradictory trends: on the one hand, democratic institutions and the Constitution of 1921 remained, on the other hand, the executive branch demonstrated the desire to govern the state, despite the parliament and political parties. The new legislation introduced by the Pilsudchiks in the first half of the 30s, on the one hand, was aimed at overcoming the crisis in the economy, and on the other hand, it was marked by increased interference of power in all spheres of society. It is stated that in the interwar period, the Second Polish Republic quickly created and developed its own economy. This was achieved thanks to the well- established system of economic social relations of the Polish state – the system of relations of property, production, exchange, distribution and consumption of material and spiritual goods. The leading role in this was played by the liberal, democratic constitutional and legal field, which became an effective mechanism for regulating the economic activity of the state. shows effective ways, forms and methods. It is recommended to use the experience of developing the legislation of the Polish state to improve modern Ukrainian economic law.
  • Ескіз
    Item type:Наукова стаття,
    Problems and contradictions of the world monetary system
    (Lutsk: LNTU, 2021) Visyn, Valentyn; Visyna, Tatiana
    The article is devoted to the problems and contradictions of the functioning of the world monetary system in modern conditions. At the present stage, the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-2008 continue to have a negative impact on the world economy, which is characterized by a high degree of volatility, instability, unfavorable and contradictory economic policies of leading states, integration associations and others. This situation threatens new applications in the world economy and reveals its future is largely uncertain. One of the main reasons for this uncertainty is the instability of the world monetary system (MIA), due to the unregulated expansion of financial markets and instruments; liberalization of international capital flows; increasing the impact of transnational financial institutions on the economies of developing countries; dollarization of the world economy. Thus, the structural principles of the Jamaican monetary system, developed in the 60's of XX century in the interests of leading developed countries, especially the United States (USA), ceased to correspond to the realities of the world economy. In these conditions, the topic of reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs and regulating international monetary relations becomes extremely relevant. The article identifies the main weaknesses and strengths of the global foreign exchange market. Based on the analysis, it is established that the іnternational foreign exchange market in its current form reflects the real demand and supply for different currencies. Sharp fluctuations in it during the crisis reflect the usual behavior of its participants, who invest in the currency - asylum, and real supply and demand, caused by the fact that investors withdraw from transactions using borrowed funds. Thus, the foreign exchange market is actually functioning normally. It is proved that in the near future the world monetary and financial system will face any serious crisis, there is no reason. The principles of its construction are fully consistent with the principles of building the structure of the world economy, the balance of power on the world stage and the interests of leading economic centers and countries. The status of the US dollar as the main reserve currency is not in doubt. First, there are no serious macroeconomic and statistical reasons for this yet. Secondly, changes in this direction threaten serious economic problems for all countries, although we are not talking about the crisis of the entire world monetary system (even when the status of the US dollar changes). Summing up the article, we can say that the main reserve currency in the world - the US dollar remains stable.
  • Ескіз
    Item type:Наукова стаття,
    Interaction of the Ukrainian gas market into the world energy system (economic and legal aspects)
    (Lutsk: LNTU, 2022) Visyn, Valentyn; Visyna, Tatiana
    The article is devoted to economic and legal problems of the emergence and functioning of the gas market of Ukraine and its integration into the world market. A characteristic feature of the development of the world economy in recent years has been the intensification of competition for non-renewable resources, as evidenced by growing tensions and increasing conflicts in places of large energy deposits. Ukraine, as one of the participants in the world energy market due to its territorial position and potential, is fully involved in global processes. Trade in energy resources ranks first in value in the structure of international trade. Compared to other markets, the world energy market is more dependent on the world economy, demographic situation, geopolitical situation, emergencies. Changes and shocks in the world economy immediately affect primarily energy markets. Despite the slowdown (and in some cases stagnation) rates of economic growth in developed countries with market economies in the late first - early second decade of the XXI century, global energy demand continues to grow. In recent years, the annual increase in primary energy consumption was 2.4%, less than 1% in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the rest of the increase came from developing countries and emerging markets. Although the share of oil compared to other energy sources, despite a steady decline in recent years, remains the largest, but, according to experts, due to declining demand for nuclear energy, as well as a number of other factors, natural gas can play a leading role in global energy market. In this regard, it is of scientific and practical interest to the emergence and development of the gas market of Ukraine. The analysis of the origin and functioning of the gas industry in Ukraine is carried out in the work. The paper proves that the development of the gas industry in Ukraine is the oldest in Europe and began after the First World War. In 1922, one of the world's first Dashava-Stry gas pipelines was built. In 1975, production reached a record high - 68.7 billion m3, but at the same time, there was a gradual depletion of deposits. Currently, natural gas production has stabilized at 20 billion m3. Currently, the largest producer of natural gas is PJSC «Ukrgazvydobuvannya». Ukraine lacks its own extracted gas. The needs of this energy resource are much higher, and it takes time and investment to switch to alternative energy sources. Therefore, today, our country is largely dependent on imports of natural gas and other energy products.
  • Ескіз
    Item type:Наукова стаття,
    Сriminal procedural mechanisms for investigating crimes in the construction sector: current issues of proof and methodological approaches to their resolution
    (Kyiv, 2026) Riabykh, Nataliia; Visyn, Valentyn
    This scientific study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of criminal procedural mechanisms for investigating crimes in the construction sector of Ukraine. The relevance of the chosen topic is due not only to the key role of the construction sector in the state's economy, which generates a significant part of the GDP and provides employment, but also to the high level of corruption risks, technological complexity of processes, specificity of legal relations, and significant financial volumes, all of which create a fertile ground for various criminal manifestations. These offenses not only undermine the investment climate and trust in state institutions but also pose a direct threat to the safety of citizens, who are the ultimate consumers of construction services, and cause significant economic losses. Objective. The research aims to comprehensively identify and in-depth analyze current problems of proof in criminal proceedings related to crimes committed in the construction sector of Ukraine, as well as to develop scientifically substantiated, practically applicable methodological approaches for their effective resolution. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to analyze current criminal procedural legislation and special regulatory legal acts, to study relevant judicial practice, and to develop comprehensive recommendations for improving investigative and evidentiary activities.
  • Ескіз
    Item type:Наукова стаття,
    Social and economic factors of criminal offenses in transport security
    (Львів : Львівська політехніка, 2025) Riabykh, Nataliia; Visyn, Valentyn
    This scientific article is devoted to a deep and comprehensive analysis of the social and economic factors that significantly influence the dynamics and nature of criminal offenses in the field of transport security in Ukraine during the period 2020-2025. The work presents generalized conclusions and a detailed overview of statistical data illustrating key changes in the structure and dynamics of transport crimes. Special attention is paid to studying the impact of the armed conflict that began in 2022 on the criminogenic situation in the transport sector, highlighting new challenges and peculiarities that arose as a result, including the increasing number of thefts, looting, and illegal transportation of goods in frontline areas, as well as the activation of criminal groups that exploit complicated logistics and the security situation for their purposes. The study examines how changes in the social environment caused by the war, such as forced displacement, the breakdown of social ties, and psychological tension, contribute to the increase in crime levels in transport. Within the study framework, key determinants of crime in the transport sector have been identified and systematized, including unemployment, migration processes, social stratification, and changes in the economic conjuncture. It analyzes how rising unemployment and declining living standards push specific segments of the population to illegal actions in transport, and how migration flows create new conditions for criminal groups, including cross-border crime and human trafficking. The impact of the shadow economy and corruption schemes on increasing transport crime is examined particularly by creating favorable conditions for smuggling, illegal arms and drug trafficking, and illicit passenger and cargo transportation. Emphasis is placed on identifying regional peculiarities of these factors' manifestation, considering geographical location and the degree of impact by military actions. Based on the results, a set of practical measures to counteract and prevent these offenses is proposed, which can be implemented at both the legislative and practical levels.