Наукові статті
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Item type:Наукова стаття, Conceptual Foundations of Financial Support for Increasing the Innovative Component of Ukraine’s International Competitiveness(2021) Baula, Оlena; Liutak, Оlena; Galaziuk, NataliiaThe article describes the dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index for 2015—2019. It is revealed that the domestic economy has a high educational and scientific potential, is able to produce various innovations in the form of ideas, scientific developments, patents; the bottlenecks of Ukraine in the state of innovative development are the state of cluster development, the share of foreign direct investment in GDP, the online service of the government, the use of information and communication technologies, the availability of joint agreements on strategic alliances, the state of domestic lending to the private sector, the export of goods of the creative economy, the volume of microfinance loans, the presence of firms offering formal training, the state of cooperation between universities and production, agreements with venture capital. It is proved that the problem of improving the financial mechanism for ensuring innovation processes in the economic system of Ukraine requires a priority solution. Developments on increasing the innovative component of increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness are impossible without adequate financial support. The article examines the foreign experience of state support for innovation activities. It is revealed that in developed countries — the world’s leading innovation leaders, public policy provides for direct funding of scientific research and through tax measures encourages private sector R&D spending. The concept of financial support for increasing the innovative component of Ukraine’s international competitiveness, which should be implemented at the strategic, tactical and operational levels, is proposed. To ensure a sustainable level of international competitiveness of the country through increasing the innovation component, it is important to implement a system of measures to monitor threats even at the stage of their origin and prevent the spread of their negative impact. Therefore, the methods and tools for implementing the proposed concept contain components of threat prevention: economic (tax incentives; transfers ;direct budget investments; grants; concessional lending; cooperation with foreign institutions, etc.), organizational (development of innovative infrastructure; consulting assistance; personnel support; creation of clusters using the potential of education, business, government, public; creation of regional clusters with innovation and industry production, etc.), institutional (techno parks, business incubators, analytical centres, etc.), regulatory (strategies, concepts, plans, programs) and social levers (conducting business trainings, implementing joint social projects, etc.).Item type:Наукова стаття, Economic diplomacy in the system of supporting Ukraine’s foreign economic activity(2024) Galaziuk, Nataliia; Zelinska, ОlhaThe international environment is characterised by a dynamic nature, a steady trend towards quantitative growth and qualitative development, which necessitates a more cautious and balanced approach to the choice of foreign economic policy, given the complexity of the structure of the world economy, the system of international economic relations, regulation and management. The purpose of the article was to study the conditions for ensuring Ukraine’s foreign economic activity through the influence of economic diplomacy and to identify tools for defending the country’s national economic interests on the world stage. The methodological basis of the study was the tools of historical and logical approaches, analysis, statistical and graphical methods. The article examined the theoretical and conceptual foundations of economic diplomacy, namely: the essence and importance of economic diplomacy in international economic relations were characterised; economic diplomacy as an element of the system of management of the country’s foreign economic activity was studied; the mechanism of achieving national competitiveness through economic diplomacy was outlined. The Ukrainian experience of functioning of the economic diplomacy mechanism was analysed, in particular: the analysis of economic diplomacy in the system of national economic security of Ukraine, the analysis of institutional support for the implementation of Ukraine’s foreign economic potential. A new paradigm of economic diplomacy of Ukraine was also developed to ensure competitive advantages: the main prospects of economic diplomacy in the context of Ukraine’s European integration course were identified, the possibility of increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness through economic diplomacy mechanisms was substantiated. The practical value of the research results lies in the fact that the formulated theoretical provisions, conclusions and recommendations can be used: in the scientific and research sphere for conducting further scientific research on strategic ways to increase the competitiveness of the national economy in modern economic conditions; in regulatory activities for developing regulatory legal acts and improving the legislation of Ukraine in the direction of diplomacy in the conditions of dynamic development of the international environment; in the educational process during the preparation of textbooks and teaching aids on international economic relationsItem type:Наукова стаття, Сompetitive influence of TNCS on the development of national economies in global conditions(2022) Galaziuk, NataliiaНа сучасному етапі розвитку світової економіки – етапі глобалізації, визначну роль відіграють транснаціональні корпорації, які стають провідними торговими підприємствами, інвесторами, поширювачами сучасних технологій, науково-технічного прогресу, стимуляторами міжнародної трудової міграції. Саме транснаціональні корпорації заклали основу взаємозалежної економічної діяльності різних країн світу, а згодом і стали основою глобальної економіки. Сьогодні, транснаціональні корпорації це не лише головні суб’єкти світової, а й важлива частина національної економіки, роль яких з кожним роком посилюється. В рамках стрімкого розвитку глобалізаційних процесів у світовому економічному просторі, важливою тенденцією є розвиток ТНК. Очевидно, що в умовах сьогодення ефективна діяльність ТНК дозволяє їм акумулювати фінансові та інвестиційні потоки в приймаючих країнах та країнах базування, створювати стимули щодо запровадження інноваційних технологій та нових видів продукції, запроваджувати новітні методи та принципи ефективного менеджменту та сприяти зростанню конкурентоспроможності національної економіки. Метою даної роботи є дослідження конкурентного впливу ТНК на розвиток національних економік, перспектив їх діяльності в умовах зростаючої глобалізації світогосподарських зв’язків. У процесі дослідження були використані загальні та специфічні економічні методи, а саме абстрактний, логічний, метод поєднання історичного та логічного, аналіз та синтез, розрахунок абсолютних та відносних величин. У науковій роботі доведено, що ТНК є найбільшими дійовими особами в системі світового господарства, ефективність національної економіки, її участь у МПП, рівень інтегрованості та міжнародної конкурентоздатності більшою мірою залежать від успішної діяльності ТНК, що базуються на території країни. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає у тому що, автором довів, ключову роль ТНК, як найбільшим дійової особи в системі світового господарства, рівень інтегрованості та міжнародної конкурентоздатності значною мірою залежать від успішної діяльності ТНК. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає в тому, що сформульовані та обґрунтовані наукові положення, висновки можуть бути використані для підвищення міжнародної конкурентоспроможності національної економіки на основі використання інвестиційної діяльності ТНК в умовах поглиблення глобалізації.Item type:Наукова стаття, Current trends of transnational banks and their influence on the world economy in the context of financial(2021) Galaziuk, Nataliia; Zelinska, OlhaFinancial globalization is the development of global financial markets, the growth of cross-border capital flows and increased activity of international financial organizations. At the same time, speaking of financial globalization means the free movement of capital between countries. A key feature of international banking is the strengthening of transnationalization in the context of financial globalization. As a result of this process, at the present stage of the development of the world economy, there is no net national banking capital in any state of the world. Transnational banks are one of the main actors in the world economy. They occupy a leading position in the international financial market and are the participants in the globalization process in the financial sphere. Thus, the international financial system has become for transnational banks the so-called arena of activity of «financial giants» as transnational banks. The combined capital of multinational banks is easily transferred from one state to another with the most controversial consequences. On the one hand, consolidated capital becomes a driving force for the development of STP (scientific and technological progress) on the world stage, and on the other hand for severe global crises transforming into speculative capital. The importance of transnational banks both in the economic environment of an individual state and in the world economy as a whole is growing rapidly. One of the important roles that transnational banks play is the role of an intermediary between financial means owners and investors who, in order to implement international business activities, borrow capital from TNB. Usually, the arrival of transnational banks on the foreign market becomes a certain stimulus factor for the restructuring of the banking system of the host country. This is manifested in an increase in the concentration of bank capital or the creation of a strong competitive environment among local banking institutions. Moreover, very often host countries make a big mistake in implementing too liberal risk policies to maximize income, in which case transnational banks can cause a crisis in the country, and thus become characteristic causers of financial fluctuations that can eventually lead to the inequality of the world's banking systems.Item type:Наукова стаття, SIMULATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT ON THE FORMATION OF AN ATTRACTIVE MACRO SPACE OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE(Чайки : ФІНТЕХАЛЬЯНС, 2024-10-31) Baula, Olena; Liutak, Olena; Galaziuk, Nataliia; Zelinska, OlhaThe economic situation in most countries demonstrates an ever-increasing demand for investment resources while their supply is significantly limited. A system of factors char-acterized by multidirectional action forms the so-called investment environment inthe country. Its structure and level of efficiency are crucial determinants for ensuring the sustainable economic development of a country. The purpose of the study is to sub-stantiate scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of a highly efficient macro-space of the economy of Ukraine based on the implementation of rational invest-ment policy measures. In the course of this research, an analysis of foreign investment volumes in Ukraine was conducted, and a list of factors ensuring the positive investment image of the country in the international arena was identified. The result of the study is constructed trend lines of GDP dependence on direct foreign investors in Ukraine and abroad, as well as trend lines of GDP dependence on the level of the tax burden and the integral indicator of the level of the shadow economy; the delineation of the main directions for forming an investment environment in the context of attracting foreign capital investments. The priority vectors of optimizing the investment environment in Ukraine are substantiated and the main problems of Ukraine's investment attractiveness as a motivational factor for investment activity are determined. The strategic directions for the development of investment attractiveness of the national economy under mod-ern business conditions have been justified. The methodological basis of the research consists of a systematic, comprehensive, and evolutionary approach. The main scientific results of the study were obtained through the use of methods such as structural-logical analysis, theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, structural-functional analysis, and a comprehensive approach based on identifying cause-and-effect relationships, as well as logical, economic and mathematical modelling, analytical, and graphical meth-ods.